Material: made of glass or plastic, with plastic being more commonly used due to its durability and resistance to breakage.

Shape: cylindrical with a conical bottom.

Capacity: ranges from 0.5 mL to 50 mL.

Closure: may have a screw cap or snap cap.

Graduation: often marked with volume measurements for easy sample volume determination.

Sterilization: may be sterilized by autoclaving or gamma irradiation.

Color: often transparent or opaque, with opaque tubes providing protection from light-sensitive samples.

Volume markings: are used for accurate measurement of sample volume.

Chemical resistance: should be resistant to the chemical properties of the sample being tested.

Sample volume: choose a tube with the appropriate volume for the amount of sample being processed.

Compatibility with the sample: choose a tube made of a material that is chemically compatible with the sample, such as glass or a specific type of plastic.

Centrifuge speed: choose a tube that can withstand the centrifugation speed required for the separation of the sample.

Sterilization: choose a tube that can be sterilized as required for the experiment, for example, by autoclaving or gamma irradiation.

Closure type: choose a tube with a closure that meets the needs of the experiment, such as a screw cap or snap cap.

Graduation: choose a tube with volume markings that are accurate and easy to read.

Special features: consider if any special features, such as resistance to breakage or protection from light-sensitive samples, are needed for the experiment.

Brand: choose a trusted brand with a good reputation for quality and reliability.